Limestone altar near Shiloh reveals function of biblical high places

An archaeological discovery near Shiloh has illuminated the nature of bamot, or high places, ancient Israelite worship sites known through the Biblical canon, particularly the Book of Kings. The artifact—a rock-hewn limestone altar approximately eight feet on each side and five feet high, with corners aligned to cardinal compass directions—demonstrates that animal sacrifice occurred at these locations. Scholars have long debated the meaning of bamah, a Hebrew term that can mean back, hill, height, ridge, or cultic high place, and whether these structures were located only on elevated terrain. The evidence suggests bamot were not necessarily positioned on hills despite their name; they appeared in towns, at city gates, and in valleys. Rather than a reference to temporal location, bamah may indicate a higher theological purpose. Martin J. Selman, deputy principal at Spurgeon's College in London, argues the essential feature was function as a religious site, not height or position. Scholars believe bamot were artificially constructed mounds, possibly including prominent rocks, sometimes with associated buildings where services were conducted and idols were kept. Debate continues among archaeologists about whether the term referred to the mound itself or the altar.

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Source: Biblical Archaeology Society — https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/high-places-altars-and-the-bamah/